Metal materials used in construction
In construction practice we rarely use pure metals. We use alloys (complex substances that are the result of the interaction of two or more metals or metal and non-metal). The alloys are in comparison with pure metals better in terms of mechanical, technological and other properties, as well as in economic terms. Metals are usually parts of the iron and its alloys and colored metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead). The crystal lattice of metals is formed during the crystallization (crystal formation process from the molten metal). The shape, size and orientation of the crystals have extraordinarily great influence on all the properties of the metal, on clean metals and on their alloys. Melting points, which are equal to the crystallization temperature, vary in very wide limits: from – 38.9 C (mercury) to 3410 C (tungsten).
Copper has a reddish color and it is resistant to external influences. On a surface has oxide coating, which is dense and it serves as impenetrable protection. If the copper is exposed for a long time to the influence of air and water, the surface coating is transformed into a mineral compound. Example of creating this protective scum is greenish patina on copper roof tops. Copper can be polished mechanical or by hand with special pastes and fabrics (linen or flannel). In this way, large areas can lead to a high gloss (facade sheets, labels, etc). Metallic coatings are applied to copper in extreme cases, mainly for decorative reasons or to serve as protection against corrosion. As a protection against corrosion and to facilitate soldering the copper surface is coated with a layer of zinc, simply by immersing the cleaned copper in molten zinc. Staining and varnishing surfaces performed to imitation natural color of rust. Copper is often colored in red, black and green. One of the reasons for coloring copper surfaces is its rust.
Steel, in addition to concrete, is surely one of the basic materials in the construction of modern buildings, regardless of their purpose. After all, the modern history of the building offers just one major proof on how steel is great material – America! But as everything is not permanent and it is subject to a change, sooner or later, steel as a basic ingredient in a substantial part of the construction in theory and in practice, is experiencing at this time its own Renaissance. Steel structures can allow longer spans and easier expansion and change. Easy installation and excellent flexibility characteristics are the reason why the steel structure is economically very attractive. They can be used for the construction of a representative as well as for ind
ustrial, due to the fact that the smaller cross-sections can carry high loads. In addition, they are easy to maintain and have a long lifespan. Lately another feature is pointed out – they are environmentally friendly…
Another metal often used in construction is aluminum. When you need a lightweight construction, strength and durability when it comes to large areas of glazing, aluminum is placed in the first place. With aluminum, you can only expect perfection. High heat protection ability and a high degree of finish treatment.
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